Container

ABSTRACT

According to the invention (FIG.  1 ), the container is made in a way that it has, at cross section (FIG.  1 A), the internal limit  1  of cross section and the external limit  2  of cross section, and has, at long-section, the internal part of the limit  3  of long section and the external part of the limit  4  of long section. Therewith, the external limit  2  of cross section takes on, in section between points  5  and  6 , form of an element of conical section—an element of ellipsis, and the external part of the limit  4  of long section takes on, in section between points  7  and  8 , form of an element of conical section—an element of ellipsis. The limit section between points  7  and  8  is longer in length than the limit section between points  5  and  6.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not Applicable

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTINGCOMPACT DISC APPENDIX

Not Applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A container with a body, when the body has an internal cross-sectionaland external cross-sectional limit at cross-section with the externalcross-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least inone section/Abridgment (abstract) of Patent of the Russian Federation No2266851-Container, published on Dec. 27, 2005, according to IPCB65D1/00/, can be considered an analogue of the invention.

A number of features of the analogue similar to features of theinvention is as follows: . . . has an internal cross-sectional limit andexternal cross-sectional limit at cross section, with the externalcross-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least inone section.

Difficulty of identification of the analogue when in use and rather lowprotection against counterfeit are its disadvantages.

A container realized in a way that it has an internal cross-sectionallimit and external cross-sectional limit at cross section, and aninternal part of a long-sectional limit and external part of thelong-sectional limit at long section with the external cross-sectionallimit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section, andthe external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of aconical element at least in one section is a prototype of the invention.The said set of features is similar to features of the invention. Thecontainer is additionally equipped with a stopper and a tube connectingthe stopper with a cavity in the container body/ U.S. Pat. No.7,395,949/.

Disadvantages of the Prototype:

The prototype is rather hard to be identified when in use due to thefact that the cross-sectional limit is shaped into a circular curve, andthe external part of the long-sectional limit is shaped into circularelements and straight lines, commonly used in production of containersby a great number of manufacturers.

The prototype has rather low protection against counterfeit when it isproduced due to the fact that sections of the external cross-sectionallimit are shaped into circular curves, and sections of the external partof the long-sectional limit are shaped into straight lines and circularelements, commonly used in production of containers by a great number ofmanufacturers.

The prototype does not have any constructional directivity of strengthproperties at long- and cross-sections that makes the process ofdisposal of the container rather difficult.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention concerns production of containers, in particular of metal,plastic, glass, polyethylene, cardboard, paper, wood, laminated materialand composite material, and may be applied to production of varioustypes of containers: vessels, packing cases, boxes, drums, tanks etc.,when importing or exporting containers, as well as at storage, sale ofcontainers and goods in containers.

The problem of considerable increase in protection of the containeragainst counterfeit was solved when making invention.

Solution of the said problem is attributable to the fact that thecontainer is realized in a way that it has an internal cross-sectionallimit and external cross-sectional limit at cross section, and aninternal part of a long-sectional limit and external part of thelong-sectional limit at long section with the external cross-sectionallimit taking on form of a conical element at least in one section, andthe external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of aconical element at least in one section, and differs from the prototypein a way that the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectionallimit and the abovementioned section of the external part of thelong-sectional limit of the container are selected from a groupcomprising as follows:

a) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit andthe abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectionallimit of the container take on form of elements of various ellipses,differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focalparameters;

b) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limit andthe abovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectionallimit of the container take on form of elements of various hyperbolae,differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focalparameters;

c) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limittakes on form of elements of various ellipses, differing in length, withdifferent values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the sectionof the external part of the long-sectional limit takes on form ofelements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different valuesof eccentricities and focal parameters;

d) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limittakes on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length,with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and theabovementioned section of the external part of the long-sectional limittakes on form of elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length,with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters;

e) the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limittakes on form of elements of hyperbola and ellipsis, differing inlength, and the abovementioned section of the external part of thelong-sectional limit takes on form of elements of hyperbola andellipsis, differing in length.

Therewith, the container is made in way that the abovementioned sectionof the external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section ofthe external part of the long-sectional limit cut each other.

Please, find below other versions developing the invention.

The container may be realized in a way that it has, at anothercross-section, an additional section of the external sectional limit,and a section of the external part of the long-sectional limit atanother long section; and the abovementioned section of the externalcross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the externalpart of the long-sectional limit take on form of elements of variousellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricitiesand focal parameters.

The container may be realized in a way that it has, at anothercross-section, an additional section of the external sectional limit,and a section of the external part of the long-sectional limit atanother long section; and the sections take on form of elements ofvarious hyperbolae, differing in length, with different values ofeccentricities and focal parameters. These sections may be adjacent tothe above described cross- and long-sectional sections or may be locatedat a certain distance from them.

The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional sectionof the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on formof elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with differentvalues of eccentricities and focal parameters, and an additional sectionof the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form ofelements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different valuesof eccentricities and focal parameters.

The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional sectionof the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on formof elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with differentvalues of eccentricities and focal parameters, and an additional sectionof the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form ofelements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with differentvalues of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional sectionof the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on formof elements of ellipsis and hyperbola, differing in length; and anadditional section of the external part of another long-sectional limittaking on form of elements of ellipsis and hyperbola, differing inlength.

The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional sectionof the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on formof an element of hyperbola; and an additional section of the externalpart of another long-sectional limit taking on form of an element ofellipsis; and the said elements of ellipsis and hyperbola differ inlength.

The container may be realized in a way that it has an additional sectionof the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on formof an element of ellipsis; and an additional section of the externalpart of another long-sectional limit taking on form of an element ofhyperbola; and the said elements of hyperbola and ellipsis differ inlength.

The container may be realized in way that it has an additional sectionof the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on formof elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with differentvalues of eccentricities and focal parameters, and an additional sectionof the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form ofelements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different valuesof eccentricities and focal parameters.

The container may be realized in way that it has an additional sectionof the external sectional limit of another cross section taking on formof elements of various ellipses, differing in length, with differentvalues of eccentricities and focal parameters, and an additional sectionof the external part of another long-sectional limit taking on form ofelements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with differentvalues of eccentricities and focal parameters; Technical results of theinvention are as follows:

-   -   considerable improvement (increase in convenience and accuracy)        of identification of the container when in use due to the        section of the cross-sectional limit and the section of the        long-sectional limit taking on form of conical elements and        exclusion of circular elements, as commonly used in production        of containers, when forming the said sections of sectional        limits;    -   considerable increase in protection against counterfeit when it        is produced due to the section of the external cross-sectional        limit and the section of the external part of the long-sectional        limit taking on form of various conical elements that are        identifiers of container manufacturer and exclusion of circular        elements, as commonly used in production of containers, when        forming the said sections of sectional limits;    -   provision for constructional directivity of strength properties        of the container at long- and cross-sections easing and cutting        time for container disposal (in particular, the container is        oriented, when disposed of in a press, in a way that compressive        effect of the press takes part in plane with the lowest        compressive load resistance of the container).

Eccentricity and focal parameter completely define a conic section(hyperbola, parabola, and ellipsis).

The following additional results may be achieved when using theinvention: extension of the area of heat exchange of the container withthe environment; increase in heat conductivity in a certain point orpoints of the container surface (e.g., in places of thinning of thebody, bottom or neck); use of the container to obtain constructiveelements after its destruction in a press; concentration of solar energyfalling onto the container in certain places near or on the surface ofthe container.

A ‘section of an external cross-sectional limit’ shall mean a section ofa cross-sectional limit limiting the cross section on the outside orturned to the outside of the container.

A ‘section of an external part of a long-sectional limit’ shall mean asection of a long-sectional limit limiting the long section on theoutside or turned to the outside of the container. The section of theexternal part of the long-sectional limit is located on FIG. 9 betweenpoints on the sectional limit 51 and 57 and passes through points 51,52, 45, 46, 47, 53, 54, 55, 56, and 57.

The section of the internal part of the long-sectional limit is locatedbetween points on the sectional limit 51 and 57 and passes throughpoints 51, 74, 76, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, and 57. Points 51and 57 are limiting points between internal and external parts of thelong-sectional limit of the container.

The container has one internal cross-sectional limit and one externalcross-sectional limit in all above described cases.

Moreover, in order to achieve the abovementioned results, the containermay be realized in such a way that at any cross section at least onesection of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of a conicalelement, and at any long-section at least one section of the externalpart of the long-sectional limit takes on form of a conical element.

Use of values of eccentricities and focal parameters as distinctivefeatures of the container allows for use of capabilities of conicalsections as identifiers of the container manufacturers to the maximumextent possible.

In case the above named sections of sectional limits take on form ofelements of ellipses, the following requirements should be fulfilledwhen producing the container:

-   -   ratio of length of a larger element of ellipsis to length of a        smaller element of ellipsis: from 1.001 to 1000;    -   ratio of the larger value of the eccentricity of ellipsis to the        smaller value of the eccentricity of ellipsis: from 1.001 to        1000000;    -   ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of ellipsis to        the smaller value of the focal parameter of ellipsis: from 1.001        to 1000000. The said procedure shall simplify production of        containers and their identification.

In case the above named sections of sectional limits take on form ofelements of hyperbolae, the following requirements should be fulfilledwhen producing the container:

-   -   ratio of the length of a larger element of hyperbola to the        length of a smaller element of hyperbola: from 1.001 to 1000;    -   ratio of the larger value of the eccentricity of hyperbola to        the smaller value of the eccentricity of hyperbola: from 1.001        to 1000000;    -   ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of hyperbola to        the smaller value of the focal parameter of hyperbola: from        1.001 to 1000000. The said procedure shall simplify production        of containers and their identification.

In case the above named sections of sectional limits (cross-sectionaland long-sectional limits) take on form of elements of hyperbolae andellipses, the following requirements should be fulfilled when producingthe container:

-   -   ratio of the length of an element of larger elongation to the        length of an element of smaller elongation: from 1.001 to 1000;

In case the section of the cross-sectional limit and the section of theexternal part of the long-sectional limit take on form of elements ofhyperbolae and ellipses, the following requirements should be fulfilledwhen producing the container:

-   -   ratio of the length of an element of larger elongation to the        length of an element of smaller elongation: from 1.001 to 1000;

When the section of the sectional limit takes on form of a combinationof conical elements, in particular elements of ellipses, elements ofhyperbolae, and elements of ellipses and hyperbolae, conical elementsshould mate seamlessly (pass into each other without any seam), i.e.without any connecting seam. The said feature shall facilitate operationof measuring equipment.

Containers claimed in the invention are designed for storage andtransportation of various kinds of products, substances, articles, andgoods; identification of the container manufacturer; and disposal afterusing. Claimed containers take on forms of vessels, packing case, boxes,drums, tanks etc., and grant higher protection against counterfeit,simplification and cheapening of production of containers with irregularshape of cross-section, and facilitation of disposal.

Life cycle of containers comprises three stages: production, usage, anddisposal. Please, find the stages revealed in detail in terms ofidentifiers and identification below.

First Stage: Production of Containers.

Manufacturing process of containers comprises processes of manufactureof accessories and tooling for production of containers, preparation ofraw materials and the very process of manufacture of containers.

An identifier or identifiers are introduced during the manufacturingprocess of containers or after.

An ‘identifier’ shall mean an attribute used for identification of anidentifiable object, in particular a container produced by a certainmanufacturer at a certain place of production. The manufacturer shall beidentified according to an identifier or a number of identifiers, and,with the manufacturer known, conditions and peculiarities of hisproduction, materials and means of manufacture of the container shall bedefined. There may be several, tens, hundreds, thousands of identifiersin the container and more. The more identifiers are introduced to thestructure of a container, the more difficult it is to counterfeit thecontainer.

Identifiers shall include as follows:

-   -   stamp or seal affixed on container surface. A trademark may be        affixed as an imprint. Appearance of a label glued on the        container and information on the label;    -   colour or colour shade of the container;    -   type of a raw material used for manufacture of the container,        unique additives and fillers of all kinds;    -   design features of manufacture of the container, in particular,        irregularly shaped surface (irregular form of a section).

Design features are input by accessories and instrumentation used formanufacture of the container at manufacturer's works. Design featuresshall include as follows:

-   -   irregular shape of the container (or an element of the        container), in particular extended neck, narrowing on container        body, deepening on the body for a label of irregular        configuration, flattening of the body, type of neck collar etc.;    -   specific values of corner radiuses (that are not used by any        other manufacturers), specific values of body and neck lengths        (that are not used by any other manufacturers), specific values        of capacity (that are not used by any other manufacturers) etc.;    -   type and class of surface treatment, mat surfaces, surfaces with        high reflective properties, treatment of the surface with unique        instrument;    -   use of curves or combinations of curves of second order for        forming of the sectional limit of the container. The more        sophisticated the combination of curves, the more reliable the        identification, and the more difficult it is to counterfeit the        container of such manufacturer. Sections of various devices of        sophisticated configuration are shown in references /2-20/;    -   exclusion of circular curves and circular elements when forming        certain sectional limits of the container. Circular elements are        currently commonly used for formation of sectional limits of        containers. Exclusion of circular elements when forming certain        sectional limits of the container and use of such elements        instead as hyperbolae and ellipses is an effective identifier,        i.e. a distinctive feature of the manufacturer and manufacture        of the container.

Second Stage: Use of Containers.

Use of a container starts with incoming control at a facility using suchcontainer for, for example, filling it with any product. Identificationof the container is performed in the course of incoming control. Themain task of the incoming control is detection of rejected containers,containers with defects, and counterfeit containers (e.g., containers ofback-yard production made of low-quality raw material but reminding of acontainer of a renowned manufacturer in the form).

‘Identification’ shall mean matching of an identifiable object (article)with its image (identifying sign), and in our case—determination whethera certain sample of the container was made by a certain manufactureraccording to the identifier of such manufacturer introduced to thestructure of container body in the course of its production.

Instruments and devices, such as measuring devices (calibrating devices,rules, slide callipers, micrometer callipers, 3D measuring machines),magnifiers, microscopes, weighs, measuring tanks etc. A mathematicaltools technique shown in section ‘Embodiment of Invention’ is used forprocessing of obtained results.

A container (container with a product) may be stored and transportedwhen in use. The container is exposed to load action in the process oftransportation.

In case the container does not meet quality standard, it can bedestructed in the process of transportation.

Any claims related to the destruction shall be addressed to themanufacturer. The manufacturer or appointed committee shall performidentification of the destructed container and shall determine whether acertain sample of the destructed container was made by this manufactureror this container was manufactured at other factory. Payer of damages toa consumer of the container shall be defined according to results of theidentification.

Third Stage: Disposal of Containers.

After use of the product contained in the container for its intendedpurpose, the container shall be returned to containers receiving pointfor further disposal. The container shall be disposed of by means ofdestruction under press and grinding. Raw material obtained afterdestruction and grinding shall be delivered to a manufacturer formanufacture of containers.

Currently information about container manufacturer is usually containedin a tag, label, certificate or is encoded into impress (stamp or barcode) affixed onto container surface. However, the tag, label,certificate or impress may be simply counterfeited. It is ratherdifficult to counterfeit information produced by a laser under a surfacecoat of a container (glass bottle) using a technique described inAbridgement of Patent of the Russian Federation 2124988 published onJan. 20, 1999. Such mark is invisible to an unaided eye. It can be seenin polarized light only. Over sophistication and expensiveness ofequipment is a disadvantage of the technique. Investigations performedin the course of development of this invention show that it is difficultto counterfeit peculiarities of the shape of the container introducedsimultaneously into long and cross sections of the container withaccessories and tooling used for production of the container by themanufacturer. And the said means of protection of containers againstcounterfeit is nowadays the most effective and perspective in terms ofimprovement.

The claimed invention provides considerable increase in protection ofthe container against counterfeit when it is produced due to the sectionof the external cross-sectional limit and the section of the externalpart of the long-sectional limit taking on form of various conicalelements that are identifiers of the container manufacturer, i.e.features for distinction of the container made by this certainmanufacture from containers made at any other production facility.Therewith, total elongation of sections of sectional limits withidentifiers may be rather increased as compared to conditions when theidentifier is located on the cross-sectional limit only.

Detailed description of identifiers located on the cross-sectional limitonly is provided in Abridgement of Patent of the Russian Federation No2266851 published on Dec. 27, 2005 (date Application published: Dec. 20,2004).

The claimed invention elaborates upon the theme of improvement ofmanufacture of containers with irregular shape of their surface andintroduction of an identifier or identifiers taking on form of variousconical elements differing in length into structure of the container, inparticular to container long and cross section simultaneously.

It is a good practice to introduce the identifier into a shape of longand cross sections or shape of a limit of long and cross sections of thecontainer, as long as the sectional limit is specified in the process ofshaping operations when producing the container. It is a good practiceto place the identifier on the external cross-sectional limit and theexternal part of the long-sectional limit in form of combination ofvarious elements of ellipses, or hyperbolae, or ellipses and hyperbolae,therewith excluding circular elements commonly used in production ofcontainers. The fact that it is difficult to produce a cross section inform of a circular curve, and that it is difficult to place and identifythe identifier in form of a circular curve is shown below.

Increase in convenience and accuracy of identification of containerswhen in use is achieved due to production of identifiers on the outersurface of the container simultaneously on the cross-sectional limit andthe external part of the long-sectional limit taking form of variousconical elements. In the course of identification, the container may belocated inside a larger container, for example a container in the formof a bottle is located inside a packing case. And it is not alwaysconvenient to measure parameters of container-bottle cross section onany of its sections, for example when a section of container body withthe identifier is shielded by an element of the packing case. Such beingthe case, the container-bottle has to be removed from the packing casetaking some time. In order to eliminate such disadvantage, theidentifier is produced not only at cross section of the container, butat long section as well. A person responsible for identification does soat cross-, long-section or both sections depending on capabilities ofaccess to the container. If necessary, the container is turned aroundits long axis. Thus, considerable improvement of identification of thecontainer when in use is achieved.

An ellipsis is a conic section with its eccentricity (in polarcoordinates) of, e.g. from 0.00001 to 0.99999 (i.e. values that arelarger than zero but smaller than one). A hyperbola is a conic sectionwith its eccentricity, e.g. from 1.00001 to 1000000 (i.e. values thatare larger than one). A parabola is a conic section with itseccentricity equaling to 1. A circular curve is a conic section as welland its eccentricity equals to 0.

When entering the identifier (for example, in a mould with asoftware-controlled milling machine) a minor inaccuracy is alwaysallowed. For example, the process of entering of a circular element intocross section may be implemented with 1% inaccuracy. Then theeccentricity may equal to 0.01 at identification of the container(performance of measurements, identification of curves and calculationof the eccentricity). But this value is larger than 0, and the figure atcross section is identified as an ellipsis. The process of entering of aparabola into cross section may be implemented with 1% inaccuracy aswell. Then the eccentricity may equal to 0.99 at identification of thecontainer. But this value is smaller than 1, and the figure at crosssection is identified as an ellipsis.

In order to avoid similar errors and increase efficiency ofidentification process, only elements or combinations of elements ofellipses and hyperbola should be used for identification of containers,therewith the eccentricity of ellipsis to be set in range, e.g. from0.01 (far away from 0 value) up to, e.g. 0.99, and from 1.01 withhyperbola.

Currently available 3D measuring machines (for example, QM-M333, EGX-30,MINITRICOORD, TRICOORD) allow for performance of measurements withmaximum size up to 2500 mm and minimum size 10 mm.

In case of commercial implementation of the invention, every plant orfactory in the country shall be assigned a unique combination ofelements of various ellipses and hyperbolae with different values ofeccentricities and focal parameters in certain points on thecross-sectional limit and long-sectional limit.

Thus and so considerable improvement (increase in convenience andaccuracy) of identification of the container when in use is achieved dueto the section of the cross-sectional limit and the section of thelong-sectional limit taking on form of conical elements and exclusion ofcircular elements, as commonly used in production of containers, whenforming the said sections of sectional limits.

Simplification of production of containers with irregular shaped body isachieved by exclusion of circular curves or circular elements whenforming long and cross section of the container (or, in other words,outlines of the container).

State-of-the-art PET-manufacturing techniques assume use of a mould /1/.Therewith, working areas of moulds are made with limits of crosssections taking form of circular elements and limits of long sectionstaking form of straight lines and circular elements. Such moulds may bemanufactured with a CNC machine with installed software suitable forgeometrical figures in form of circular curves.

Equipment used for manufacture of containers with limits of crosssections taking on form of circular curves, in particular for productionof moulds, should have highest accuracy rate. (

) CNC lathe machine of enhanced accuracy can be used for production ofmoulds for containers circular at cross section. This machine isdesignated for processing of outer and inner surfaces of parts likebodies of rotation with stepped or non-straight line of variouscomplexities. The machine is equipped with a CNC, synchronous drives,feed drive motors and Lenze variable frequency driver, andelectric-powered drive of the turret. Accuracy rating: “

” according to State Standard of Russia 8-82 (

). Specifications: maximum diameter of processed article abovetoolhead—125 mm, maximum length of processed article—500 mm, minimumprogrammable movement of toolhead lengthwise and edgewise—0.001 mm. Aversion of this machine with accuracy index “B” according to StateStandard of Russia 8-82 (

8-82) is available.

Practice of manufacture and checking of the shape of glass containersdemonstrates that a number of manufacturers of containers producecontainers with a circular cross section. However, costs, in particulartime spent for production of such containers are much higher than timerequired for manufacture of containers with cross-section taking on formof elements of ellipses or hyperbolae.

Well-known (6M612φ11) CNC milling and boring machine with quite lowaccuracy rating may be used for manufacture of moulds for containersthat do not have any circular elements at cross and long sections, buthave only elements of ellipses and hyperbolae at cross and longsections. This machine is designated for processing of outer and innersurfaces of parts like bodies of rotation with stepped or non-straightline of various complexities including elliptical and hyperbolicsections.

PNC 300 3D milling machine may be used for creation of sophisticatedsurfaces of moulds as well. The machine is equipped with a computer for3D modelling of processed surface, and a milling installation for fastproduction of modelled moulds.

This machine provides maximum processing speed of surface 3.6 m/minalong X and Y axes and 1.8 m/min along Z axis, programmable resolution0.01 mm/step and mechanical resolution 0.00125 mm/step.

Practical use of the machine proves its high capabilities of reproducingof any curved surfaces in metallic (plastic, glass, wooden and other)materials.

Time for production of a mould with elements of hyperbolae and ellipsesat cross and long section using this machine is shorter than time forproduction of a mould with circular curves at sections.

Machines used in the Russian Federation are described above. Any othermachines with similar characteristics may be used for working of theinvention in the United States of America and the EU members.

As can be seen from the above, realization of sections of sectionallimits in form of circular curves leads to complication of thecontainers manufacture process. Circular elements (as well as parabolas)may not be used as identifiers, as long as manufacturing errors causeerrors in identification.

When manufacturing containers according to the claimed invention,constructional directivity of strength properties of containers isprovided at long and cross sections simplifying the process of disposalof containers by means of pressing. Containers are oriented in a press,when disposed of, in a way that compressive effect of the press occursin plane with the lowest compressive load resistance of body ofcontainers. Realization of limits of sections taking on forms ofelements of conical sections leads to local thinning or thickening ofcontainer walls. The point of wall thinning is the point wherecompressive force should be applied at disposal. The point of thinningis characterised with the highest possibility of destruction of thecontainer. The point of wall thickening is as well the point wherecompressive force should be applied at disposal, since compressive forceshall be concentrated at that exact point.

Realization of sections of sectional limits in form of elements ofellipses and hyperbolae results that the section shall have an axis (Aaxis) in regard to which second area moment at bending shall be maximumand an axis (B axis) in regard to which second area moment at bendingshall be minimum. At disposal, the force shall be applied to containersin direction that is parallel to A axis and perpendicular to B axis. Insuch a case the container offers minimum bending resistance in thissection leading to decrease of force for destruction of the containerand power consumption for disposal of the container.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 Show long section of a container. A section of the external partof the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of ellipsis.

FIG. 1A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 1. A section ofthe external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element ofellipsis.

FIG. 2 Show long section of a container. A section of the external partof the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of hyperbola.

FIG. 2A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 2. A section ofthe external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element ofhyperbola.

FIG. 3 Show long section of a container. A section of the external partof the long-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of ellipses.

FIG. 3A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 3. A section ofthe external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements ofellipses.

FIG. 4 Show long section of a container. A section of the external partof the long-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of hyperbolae.

FIG. 4A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 4. A section ofthe external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements ofhyperbolae.

FIG. 5 Shows long section of a container. A section of the external partof the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of ellipsis andan element of hyperbola.

FIG. 5A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 5. A section ofthe external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element ofellipsis and an element of hyperbola.

FIG. 6 Show long section of a container. A section of the external partof the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of ellipsis.

FIG. 6A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 6. A section ofthe external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element ofhyperbola.

FIG. 7 Show long section of a container. A section of the external partof the long-sectional limit takes on form of an element of hyperbola.

FIG. 7A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 7. A section ofthe external cross-sectional limit takes on form of an element ofellipsis.

FIG. 8 Show long section of a container. A section of the external partof the long-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of ellipses.

FIG. 8A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 8. A section ofthe external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements ofhyperbolae.

FIG. 9 Show long section of a container. A section of the external partof the long-sectional limit takes on form of two elements of hyperbolae.

FIG. 9A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 9. A section ofthe external cross-sectional limit takes on form of two elements ofellipses.

FIG. 10 Show a mould for container manufacture.

FIG. 10A Show cross-sectional view along line A-A in FIG. 10 of a mouldfor container manufacture.

FIG. 11 Show a cross-sectional limit obtained as a result of containeridentification. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes onform of two elements of various ellipses with different eccentricitiesand focal parameters.

FIG. 12 Show a cross-sectional limit obtained as a result of containeridentification. A section of the external cross-sectional limit takes onform of two elements of various ellipses with different eccentricitiesand focal parameters.

FIG. 13 Show an element of the external part of the long-sectional limitobtained as a result of container (flask) identification. A section ofthe external part of the long-sectional limit (on the depicted element)takes on form of two elements of various ellipses with differenteccentricities and focal parameters.

FIG. 14 Show an element of the external part of the long-sectional limitobtained as a result of container (flask) identification. A section ofthe external part of the long-sectional limit (on the depicted element)takes on form of two elements of various ellipses with differenteccentricities and focal parameters.

FIG. 15 Show an element of the external part of the long-sectional limitobtained as a result of container (large-capacity bottle)identification. A section of the external part of the long-sectionallimit (on the depicted element) takes on form of two elements of varioushyperbolae with different eccentricities and focal parameters.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention (pls. see FIG. 1), the container is made in away that it has, at cross section (pls. see FIG. 1A), the internal limit1 of cross section and the external limit 2 of cross section, and has,at long-section, the internal part of the limit 3 of long section andthe external part of the limit 4 of long section. Therewith, theexternal limit 2 of cross section takes on, in section between points 5and 6, form of an element of conical section—an element of ellipsis, andthe external part of the limit 4 of long section takes on, in sectionbetween points 7 and 8, form of an element of conical section—an elementof ellipsis. The limit section between points 7 and 8 is longer inlength than the limit section between points 5 and 6. The abovementionedsection of the external cross-sectional limit and the section of theexternal part of the long-sectional limit of the container take on formof various elements of various ellipses with different values ofeccentricities and focal parameters.

The container (pls. see FIG. 2 and FIG. 2A) comprises a section betweenpoints 11 and 12 of the external cross-sectional limit and additionallycomprises a section between points 9 and 10 of the external part of thelong-sectional limit. The section located between points 9 and 10 islonger in length than the section located between points 11 and 12.These sections take on form of various hyperbolae with different valuesof eccentricities and focal parameters. A-A section is turned around 90°on FIG. 2A.

The container (pls. see FIG. 3 and FIG. 3A) comprises a sectionconsisting of adjacent (running into one another) element of ellipsisbetween points 16 and 17 and element of ellipsis between points 17 and18 of the external cross-sectional limit. These elements differ inlength and have different eccentricities and focal parameters. Moreover,the container comprises a section between points 13 and 15 of theexternal part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of elements ofvarious ellipses, differing in length, with different values ofeccentricities and focal parameters, located between points 13 and 14,and points 14 and 15.

The container (pls. see FIG. 4 and FIG. 4A) comprises a section betweenpoints 22 and 24 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofelements of various hyperbolae, differing in length (an element betweenpoints 22 and 23, and an element between points 23 and 24). Theseelements have different eccentricities and focal parameters. Moreover,the container comprises a section between points 19 and 21 of theexternal part of the long-sectional limit. This section takes on form ofelements of various hyperbolae (an element between points 19 and 20, andan element between points 20 and 21), differing in length, withdifferent values of eccentricities and focal parameters. A-A section isturned around 90° on FIG. 4A.

The container (pls. see FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A) comprises a section betweenpoints 28 and 30 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofelements of hyperbola (an element between points 28 and 29) and ellipsis(an element between points 29 and 30), differing in length. Moreover,the container comprises a section between points 25 and 27 of theexternal part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of elements ofhyperbola (an element between points 26 and 27) and ellipsis (an elementbetween points 26 and 25), differing in length. A-A section is turnedaround 90° on FIG. 5A.

The container (pls. see FIG. 6 and FIG. 6A) comprises a section betweenpoints 33 and 34 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofan element of hyperbola; and comprises a section between points 31 and32 of the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of anelement of ellipsis; and the said elements of ellipsis and hyperboladiffer in length. The element of ellipsis is twice bigger in length thanthe element of hyperbola. A-A section is turned around 90° on FIG. 6A.

The container (pls. see FIG. 7 and FIG. 7A) comprises a section betweenpoints 37 and 38 on the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofan element of ellipsis; and comprises a section between points 35 and 36of the external part on the long-sectional limit taking on form of anelement of hyperbola; and the said elements of hyperbola and ellipsisdiffer in length. The element of hyperbola is twice bigger in lengththan the element of ellipsis.

The container (pls. see FIG. 8 and FIG. 8A) comprises a section betweenpoints 42 and 44 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofelements of various hyperbolae (an element of hyperbola between points42 and 43 and an element of hyperbola between points 43 and 44),differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focalparameters; and comprises a section between points 39 and 41 of theexternal part on the long-sectional limit taking on form of elements ofvarious ellipses (an element of ellipsis between points 39 and 40, andan element of ellipsis between points 40 and 41), differing in length,with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters. A-Asection is turned around 90° on FIG. 8A.

The container (pls. see FIG. 9 and FIG. 9A) comprises a section betweenpoints 48 and 50 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofelements of various ellipses (an element of ellipsis between points 48and 49 and an element of ellipsis between points 49 and 50), differingin length, with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters;and comprises a section between points 45 and 47 of the external part onthe long-sectional limit taking on form of elements of varioushyperbolae (an element of hyperbola between points 45 and 46, and anelement of hyperbola between points 46 and 47), differing in length,with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

If there are technical capabilities, the invention may be extended in away that the identifier shall be placed onto internal surface (pls. seeFIG. 9). In such a case (pls. see FIG. 9) the container comprises anadditional section between points 58 and 64, and between points 65 and66 of the internal part of the long-sectional limit taking on form ofelements of various ellipses and hyperbolae (an element of ellipsisbetween points 58 and 59, an element of ellipsis between points 59 and60, an element of ellipsis between points 60 and 61, an element ofellipsis between points 63 and 64, an element of ellipsis between points65 and 66, an element of hyperbola between points 61 and 62, and anelement of hyperbola between points 62 and 63), differing in length. Thecontainer additionally comprises a section between points 67 and 73taking on form of elements of ellipses (between points 67 and 68, 68 and69, 69 and 70, 70 and 71), as well as elements of hyperbolae (betweenpoints 71 and 72, and 72 and 73) on the internal cross-sectional limit.The abovementioned elements of ellipses on the internal cross-sectionallimit and the internal part of the long-sectional limit have differentvalues of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the above-mentionedelements of hyperbolae have different values of eccentricities and focalparameters. Therewith, all elements of ellipses and hyperbolae differ inlength.

The container (pls. see FIG. 9 and FIG. 9A) is made in a way that asection between points 48 and 50 of the external cross-sectional limitand a section between points 52 and 47 of the external part of thelong-sectional limit cut each other. Sections cut point is marked byposition 75.

The container (pls. see FIG. 9 and FIG. 9A) is made in a way that asection between points 67 and 73 of the internal cross-sectional limitand a section between points 74 and 64 of the internal part of thelong-sectional limit cut each other. Sections cut point is marked byposition 76.

A mould (pls. see FIG. 10 and FIG. 10A) is produced for manufacture ofcontainers by means of, e.g. blowing into the mould. The mould modelsthe container. Limit sections between points 83 and 84, and 85 and 86 atA-A cross section of the mould take on forms of elements of ellipses.The length of the section between points 83 and 84 constitutes 47% ofthe length of the section limit. The length of the section betweenpoints 85 and 86 constitutes 53% of the length of the section limit. Thesaid sections take on form of elements of various ellipses (ellipseshave different eccentricities and focal parameters).

Limit sections between points 79 and 80, and 81 and 82 at long sectionof the mould take on forms of elements of ellipses. The length of thesection between points 79 and 80 constitutes 11% of the length of thesection limit. The length of the section between points 81 and 82constitutes 3% of the length of the section limit. The said sectionstake on form of elements of various ellipses (ellipses have differenteccentricities and focal parameters). The mould is produced by means ofmilling of container form in metallic plates 77 and 78. Plates 77 and 78are interconnected with dowels 87 and 88 and dowel holes 89 and 90.Outlines and limits of sections are made without any circular elements.

Eccentricity is a dimensionless value. Focal parameters and lengths ofcurve elements are stated in millimetres (mm) in the application.

Please, find specific cases of working of the invention below.

The container (pls. see FIG. 1 and FIG. 1A) is made in a way that theexternal limit 2 of cross section in a section between points 5 and 6takes on form of an element of ellipsis of 10 mm length with theeccentricity of 0.8 and focal parameter of 2 mm. The external part ofthe limit 4 of long section in a section between points 7 and 8 takes onform of an element of ellipsis of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of0.5 and focal parameter of 40 mm. A section between points 5 and 6 takeson form of container inflection. A section between points 7 and 8 takeson form of container inflexion.

The container (pls. see FIG. 2) comprises a section located betweenpoints 9 and 10 taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 20 mmlength with the eccentricity of 12 and focal parameter of 5 mm. Thecontainer (pls. see FIG. 2A) comprises a section located between points11 and 12 taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 13 mm length withthe eccentricity of 10 and focal parameter of 15 mm.

The container (pls. see FIG. 3 and FIG. 3A) comprises a sectionconsisting of an element of ellipsis between points 16 and 17. Thelength of the element equals to 10 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.85 andfocal parameter equals to 5 mm. The container comprises a sectionconsisting of an element of ellipsis between points 18 and 17. Thelength of the equals to 9 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.75 and focalparameter equals to 4 mm.

Moreover, the container comprises a section consisting of an element ofellipsis between points 13 and 14. The length of the equals to 17 mm,eccentricity equals to 0.93 and focal parameter equals to 60 mm. Thecontainer as well comprises a section consisting of an element ofellipsis between points 14 and 15. The length of the equals to 8.5 mm,eccentricity equals to 0.55 and focal parameter equals to 3.5 mm. Asection between points 15 and 14 takes on form of container outwarddeflection. A section between points 17 and 16 takes on form ofcontainer outward deflection.

The container (pls. see FIG. 4 and FIG. 4A) comprises a section betweenpoints 22 and 23 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofan element of hyperbola of 27 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.5 andfocal parameter of 55 mm. The container as well comprises a sectionbetween points 24 and 23 of the external cross-sectional limit taking onform of an element of hyperbola of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of1.2 and focal parameter of 35 mm. Moreover, the container comprises asection between points 19 and 20 taking on form of an element ofhyperbola of 37 mm length with the eccentricity of 35 and focalparameter of 85 mm. The container as well comprises a section betweenpoints 20 and 21 taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 45 mmlength with the eccentricity of 70 and focal parameter of 55 mm.

The container (pls. see FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A) comprises a section of thelimit between points 28 and 29 taking on form of an element of hyperbolaof 20 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.2 and focal parameter of 35mm. The container comprises a section of the limit between points 30 and29 taking on form of an element of ellipsis of 25 mm length with theeccentricity of 0.2 and focal parameter of 185 mm. Moreover, thecontainer comprises a section of the limit between points 26 and 27taking on form of an element of hyperbola of 27 mm length with theeccentricity of 3.2 and focal parameter of 12.5 mm. The container aswell comprises a section of the limit between points 25 and 26 taking onform of an element of ellipsis of 26 mm length with the eccentricity of0.34 and focal parameter of 75 mm.

The container (pls. see FIG. 6 and FIG. 6A) comprises a section betweenpoints 33 and 34 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofan element of hyperbola of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.2 andfocal parameter of 35 mm; and comprises a section between points 31 and32 of the external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of anelement of ellipsis of 27 mm length with the eccentricity of 0.34 andfocal parameter of 75 mm.

The container (pls. see FIG. 7 and FIG. 7A) comprises a section betweenpoints 37 and 38 on the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofan element of ellipsis. The length of the element equals to 9 mm,eccentricity equals to 0.75 and focal parameter equals to 4 mm.Moreover, the container comprises a section between points 35 and 36 onthe external part of the long-sectional limit taking on form of anelement of hyperbola of 37 mm length with the eccentricity of 35 andfocal parameter of 85 mm.

The container (pls. see FIG. 8 and FIG. 10A) comprises a section betweenpoints 42 and 43 of the external cross-sectional limit taking on form ofan element of hyperbola of 27 mm length with the eccentricity of 1.5 andfocal parameter of 55 mm. The container as well comprises a sectionbetween points 43 and 44 of the external cross-sectional limit taking onform of an element of hyperbola of 20 mm length with the eccentricity of1.2 and focal parameter of 35 mm. Moreover, the container comprises asection consisting of an element of ellipsis between points 39 and 40.The length of the element equals to 17 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.93and focal parameter equals to 60 mm. The container as well comprises asection consisting of an element of ellipsis between points 40 and 41.The length of the element equals to 8.5 mm, eccentricity equals to 0.55and focal parameter equals to 3.5 mm.

The container may be realized in a way that the external limit of thecross section of the container in one of its sections may take on formof at least two elements of various ellipses that differ in length (withfocal parameters of 10 mm and 100 mm), with ratio of the length of alarger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element ofellipsis being in range from 1.001 to 1000. For example, the length of alarger element of ellipsis may equal to 1.001 mm, and the length of asmaller element of ellipsis may equal to 1.000 mm. Ratio of the lengthof a larger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element ofellipsis shall at that constitute 1.001. The length of a larger elementof ellipsis may equal to 1000 mm, and the length of a smaller element ofellipsis may equal to 1.000 mm. Then ratio of the length of a largerelement of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element of ellipsis shallconstitute 1000.

The container may be realized in a way that at cross section theexternal sectional limit may take, at least in one of its sections, onform of at least two elements of ellipses differing in length withdifferent values of eccentricities (e.g. with values: 0.000000999 and0.999, or with values: 0.999 and 0.998). Then ratio of the larger valueof the eccentricity of ellipsis to the smaller value of the eccentricityof ellipsis shall constitute 1000000 and 1.001 accordingly.

The external limit of the cross section of the container on one of itssections may take on form of at least two elements of various hyperbolaethat differ in length, with ratio of the length of a larger element ofhyperbola to length of a smaller element of hyperbola being in rangefrom 1.001 to 1000. For example, the length of a larger element ofhyperbola may equal to 1.001 mm, and the length of a smaller element ofhyperbola may equal to 1.000 mm. Then ratio of the length of the largerelement of hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of hyperbolashall constitute 1.001. The length of a larger element of hyperbola mayequal to 1000 mm, and the length of a smaller element of hyperbola mayequal to 1.000 mm. Then ratio of the length of the larger element ofhyperbola to the length of the smaller element of hyperbola shallconstitute 1000.

The length of the section of the (long or cross) sectional limit mayconstitute ‘I’. And the length of the sectional limit may constitute‘L’. Therewith, ‘I’ shall be determined according to formula as follows:

0.0001L≦I<0.99L.

The length of a conical element (an element of ellipsis or an element ofhyperbola) at cross or long section may constitute ‘K’. Therewith, ‘K’shall be determined according to formula as follows:

0.0001L≦K<0.99L.

The container may be realized in a way that at cross section theexternal sectional limit may take on, at least in one of its sections,form of at least two elements of hyperbolae differing in length withdifferent values of eccentricities (e.g. with values: 1.1 and 1.0989, orwith values: 1.1 and 1100000). Then ratio of the larger value of theeccentricity of hyperbola to the smaller value of the eccentricity ofhyperbola shall constitute 1.001 and 1000000 accordingly.

The container may be realized in a way that the focus of a conicalelement (ellipsis, or hyperbola) is located in the area limited with thelong-sectional limit or the internal and the external cross-sectionallimits of the container. This can serve as an additional identifier.

The container may be realized in a way that the focus of a conicalelement (ellipsis, or hyperbola) is located beyond the area limited withthe long-sectional limit or the internal and the externalcross-sectional limits of the container. This can serves as anadditional identifier.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of alarger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element ofellipsis constitutes 1.001, i.e. the length of the larger element ofellipsis equals to 1.001 mm and the length of the smaller element ofellipsis equals to 1 mm. Seamless connection of elements is provided atthat.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of alarger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element ofellipsis constitutes 10, i.e. the length of the larger element ofellipsis equals to 10 mm and the length of the smaller element ofellipsis equals to 1 mm. Seamless connection of elements is provided atthat.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of alarger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element ofellipsis constitutes 100, i.e. the length of the larger element ofellipsis equals to 100 mm and the length of the smaller element ofellipsis equals to 1 mm. Seamless connection of elements is provided atthat.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of alarger element of ellipsis to the length of a smaller element ofellipsis constitutes 1000, i.e. the length of the larger element ofellipsis equals to 1000 mm and the length of the smaller element ofellipsis equals to 1 mm. Seamless connection of elements is provided atthat.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a largereccentricity of ellipsis to a smaller eccentricity of ellipsisconstitutes 1.001, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 0.29, and thelarger eccentricity equals to 0.29029. Seamless connection of elementsis provided at that.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a largereccentricity of ellipsis to a smaller eccentricity of ellipsisconstitutes 100, i.e. the larger eccentricity equals to 0.29, and thesmaller eccentricity equals to 0.0029. Seamless connection of elementsis provided at that.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a largereccentricity of ellipsis to a smaller eccentricity of ellipsisconstitutes 1000000, i.e. the larger eccentricity equals to 0.99, andthe smaller eccentricity equals to 0.00000099.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of alarger element of hyperbola to the length of a smaller element ofhyperbola constitutes 1.001, i.e. the length of the larger element ofhyperbola equals to 1.001 mm and the length of the smaller element ofhyperbola equals to 1 mm.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of alarger element of hyperbola to the length of a smaller element ofhyperbola constitutes 10, i.e. the length of the larger element ofhyperbola equals to 10 mm and the length of the smaller element ofhyperbola equals to 1 mm.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of alarger element of hyperbola to the length of a smaller element ofhyperbola constitutes 100, i.e. the length of the larger element ofhyperbola equals to 100 mm and the length of the smaller element ofhyperbola equals to 1 mm.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of the length of alarger element of hyperbola to the length of a smaller element ofhyperbola constitutes 1000, i.e. the length of the larger element ofhyperbola equals to 1000 mm and the length of the smaller element ofhyperbola equals to 1 mm.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a largereccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbolaconstitutes 1.001, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 10, and thelarger eccentricity equals to 10.01.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a largereccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbolaconstitutes 10, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 10, and thelarger eccentricity equals to 100.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a largereccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbolaconstitutes 100, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 100, and thelarger eccentricity equals to 10000.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a largereccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbolaconstitutes 10000, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 10, and thelarger eccentricity equals to 1000000. Seamless connection of elementsis provided at that.

The container may be realized in a way that ratio of a largereccentricity of hyperbola to a smaller eccentricity of hyperbolaconstitutes 1000000, i.e. the smaller eccentricity equals to 10, and thelarger eccentricity equals to 10000000.

Presence of difference in the abovementioned parameters allows forefficient container identification.

The invention shall be utilized in a way as follows:

A container produced using the invention shall comprise at cross sectionthe external and internal cross-sectional limits, as well as theexternal and internal parts of the long-sectional limit. One of sectionsof the external limit shall take on form of a combination of, e.g.elements of various ellipses differing in length, or elements of varioushyperbolae differing in length, or elements of various ellipses andhyperbolae differing in length. Moreover, one of sections of theexternal part of the long-sectional limit shall take on form of acombination of, e.g. elements of various ellipses differing in length,or elements of various hyperbolae differing in length, or elements ofvarious ellipses and hyperbolae differing in length.

Location of sections on sectional limits, number of elements, theirlengths, and parameters of curves (eccentricity and focal parameter),locations of focuses relative to cross section (the focus is locatedinside the cross section, or the focus is located outside the crosssection) are identifiers of the container manufacturer. Moreover,information about container properties, exporter or importer, asubstance put into the container may be encoded with the help of theabove described sections on cross-sectional limits of the container.

After manufacture of the container and its intended use, examination,i.e. identification, is performed.

According to research in the field of recognition and identification ofcurves, a curve located in plane (or at section) may be divided intosections in a way that every section shall be adequately (with 1%inaccuracy for 3D machines like CRYST-APEX C544, CRYST-APEX C574,CRYST-APEX C9166 etc.) approximated by a straight line or a curve lineof second order (hyperbola, parabola, ellipsis, or circular curve).

Identification of the container shape shall be performed according tomeasuring of coordinates of cross and long sections. Every section ofthe sectional limit shall be approximated by a curve of second order byN points with coordinates: x_(i), y_(i), where i=1, . . . N. Measuringof coordinates of sectional points shall be performed with a measuringdevice, in particular a 3D measuring machine. Such 3D measuring machinesas CRYST-APEX C544, CRYST-APEX C574, CRYST-APEX C9166, or CRYST-APEXC123010 with 1 to 3 μm measuring inaccuracy, or UPMC 850 by Zeiss with 1to 1.5 μm measuring inaccuracy may be used for this purpose.

Determination of the geometrical shape of the container shall beperformed according to a complex of measurements of orthogonalcoordinates of the container profile X_(i), Y_(i), i=1, . . . N, whereN—number of measurements. Identification should result in discovery ofmathematical representation of the sectional limit (profile) of thecontainer, sections of the sectional limit (profiles) serving asidentifiers and being curves of second order. Measurement of coordinatesof points of the sectional limit (profile) shall be performed with a 3Dmeasuring machine with high dimensional resolution (and accuracy,accordingly), for example from 100 to 500 points per millimetre.Existence of inaccuracy and natural roughness shall be accounted for inprocessing algorithms of measurement information.

Algorithm for the container identification shall comprise stages asfollows:

1. Smoothing of measurement of coordinates of sectional (cross- orlong-sectional) profile curve of the container /21/.

Smoothing shall be carried out in order to derive estimation ofexpectation of sectional profile of the container. Estimation ofexpectation (average value) of the profile shall be calculated inaccordance with formulae as follows:

${{m_{h}(x)} = \frac{N^{- 1}{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{N}{{K_{h}( {x - X_{i}} )}Y_{i}}}}{N^{- 1}{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{N}{K_{h}( {x - X_{i}} )}}}},$

where K_(h)(u)—Gaussian kernel, h—scale parameter

${K_{h}(u)} = {( {2\pi} )^{{- 1}/2}{\exp( \frac{- u^{2}}{2} )}\mspace{14mu} \ldots}$

2. Section of the profile curve, which is the identifier, shall bedescribed by the equation of second order as follows /24/:

G(x,y)=p ₁ x ²+2p ₂ xy+p ₃ y ²+2p ₄ x+2p ₅ y+1=0

A system of N equations, set according to results of measurement oforthogonal coordinates of the profile X_(i), Y_(i); i=1, . . . N, takingon form as follows /22/:

Ap=b,

where matrix A=[q₁, q₂, . . . q_(N)]^(T), vector p=[p₁, p₂, p₃, p₄,p₅]^(T), column bit vectorq_(i)=[X_(i) ², 2X_(i)Y_(i), Y_(i) ², 2X_(i), 2Y_(i)]^(T), vector b=[−1,−1, . . . −1] of N length, shall be solved in order to derive estimationof parameters of the curve of second order a, b, c, d, e.

Solution of the system of equations using LS technique withQR-factorization of matrix A=QR shall be written as follows /23/:

p=R⁻¹Q^(T)b

3. Invariants of curves of second order shall be calculated /24/:

I = p₁ + p₃ $D = {\begin{matrix}p_{1} & p_{2} \\p_{2} & p_{3}\end{matrix}}$ $C = {\begin{matrix}p_{1} & p_{2} & p_{4} \\p_{2} & p_{3} & p_{5} \\p_{4} & p_{5} & 1\end{matrix}}$

Shape of profile curve section shall be defined depending of fulfillmentof conditions:

$D > {0\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} \frac{C}{I}} < 0$

—profile curve section—ellipsis,D<0—profile curve section—hyperbola,D=0—profile curve section—parabola,

${D > {0\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} \frac{C}{I}} < {0\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} I^{2}}} = {4D}$

—profile curve section—circular curve.

Then, with application of known transformations /24/, consisting inintroduction of a new system of coordinates, general equation of thecurve of second order may be reduced to standard or canonical form.Canonical equation of any non-degenerate curve of second order may beput in the form as follows /24/:

y ²=2px−(1−e ²)x ²

In this equation ‘e’ parameter means eccentricity, and ‘p’ means focalparameter.

The length of arc of the curve equals to as follows:

${S = {\int_{a}^{b}{\sqrt{1 + y^{\prime 2}}{x}}}},$

where y′—first order derivative of the function describing the arc ofthe curve in Cartesian system of coordinates, x=a and x=b—x-coordinatesof points between which the length is defined.

Such identification process takes minutes. In case not the soughtelement of the curve is recognized, but any other curve, e.g. parabola,a conclusion on counterfeit of the container is made. In general, anycurve of N-order may be used as manufacturer's identifier, however, useof ellipsis and hyperbola specifically is the most effective due to thefact that such curves were known and thoroughly studied long ago. Valuesof eccentricities of such curves shall be defined according to ranges,but not unit values as with circular curves and parabolas.

Let's take as an example a container—a plastic bottle of capacity, e.g.0.251. The container holds manufacturer's identifier at cross section(in central part of the body) on the external limit of the section: asection of length constituting 5% of the length of the externalsectional limit takes on form of a combination of two elements ofellipses (one of length constituting 2% of the length of the externalsectional limit, and another of length constituting 3% of the length ofthe external sectional limit), focus of first and second elements ofellipsis is beyond the cross-section. Eccentricities of ellipses equalto 0.10 and 0.20 differing by exactly two times. It is very difficult tomake such identifier under conditions of back-yard production ofcontainers, which increases protection of the container againstcounterfeit, and decreases risk of unreasonable recovery of penaltiesfor a legitimate manufacturer for alleged low quality of the containerproduced by such manufacturer.

Please, find below a number of specific examples of entering of theidentifier to the container when it is manufactured at A facility, andits identification. Notation of a manufacturing facility isconventional.

1. When producing the container, the manufacturer gave a section of thelimit of certain cross section (pls. see FIG. 11) in certain place inthe shape of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements ofsuch curves:

-   -   first element of the curve (between points 94 and 95) is        classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.165, elongation        L=14.35 mm, focal parameter p=15.86 mm.    -   second element of the curve (between points 94 and 97) is        classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.55, elongation        L=9.1 mm, focal parameter p=16.25 mm.

The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% whenidentifying all these parameters.

According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible foridentification of the container carried out determination of geometricalshape of the cross section according to a complex of measurements oforthogonal coordinates of the cross section (profile).

It was defined in the course of identification that the first element ofthe curve in the concerned section is an element of ellipsis. Equationof the ellipsis:

156.642x ²+3.456xy+153.741y ²+251.574x−192.022y−10000=0.

e=0.17, L=14.2 mm, p=15.835 mm.

It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concernedsection is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

99.007x ²+15.692xy+119.202y ²+335.756x−185.861y−10000=0.

e=0.54, L=9.0 mm, p=16.224 mm.

Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed3%.

The cross-sectional limit of the container is marked by position 93 onFIG. 11, where the identifier is located. Ellipsis passing trough points94 and 95 is marked by position 96. Ellipsis passing trough points 94and 97 is marked by position 98.

Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been definedthat A facility is the manufacturer.

2. When producing the container, the manufacturer gave a section of thelimit of certain cross section (pls. see FIG. 12) in certain place inthe shape of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements ofsuch curves:

-   -   first element of the curve (between points 100 and 101) is        classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.1748, elongation        L=15 mm, focal parameter p=27.362 mm.    -   second element of the curve (between points 100 and 103) is        classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.6434, elongation        L=1.4835 mm, focal parameter p=26.592 mm.

The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% whenidentifying all these parameters.

According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible foridentification of the container carried out determination of geometricalshape of the cross section according to a complex of measurements oforthogonal coordinates of the cross section (profile).

It was defined in the course of identification that the first element ofthe curve in the concerned section is an element of ellipsis. Equationof the ellipsis:

51.221x ²+1.5xy+50.725y ²+34.244x−36.772y−10000=0.

e=0.175, L=15.2 mm, p=27.389 mm.

It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concernedsection is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

24.88x ²−10.57xy+37.159y ²+388.444x+129.894y−10000=0.

e=0.644, L=14.85 mm, p=26.619 mm.

Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed3%.

The cross-sectional limit of the container is marked by position 99 onFIG. 12, where the identifier is located. Ellipsis passing trough points100 and 101 is marked by position 102. Ellipsis passing trough points100 and 103 is marked by position 104.

Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been definedthat A facility is the manufacturer.

3. When producing the container (medical flask), the manufacturer gave asection of the limit of certain long section (pls. see FIG. 13) incertain place in the shape of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements ofsuch curves:

-   -   first element of the curve (between points 106 and 107) is        classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.48, elongation        L=6.3 mm, focal parameter p=19.36 mm.    -   second element of the curve (between points 107 and 109) is        classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.2, elongation        L=9.25 mm, focal parameter p=15.10 mm.

The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% whenidentifying all these parameters.

According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible foridentification of the container carried out determination of geometricalshape of the external part of long section according to a complex ofmeasurements of orthogonal coordinates of the long section (profile).

It was defined in the course of identification that the first element ofthe curve in the concerned section of the external part of the longsection is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

280.394x ²−47.266xy+235.032y ²−214.190x+68.904y−10000=0.

e=0.475, L=6.2 mm, p=19.321 mm.

It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concernedsection is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

181.045x ²−0.464xy+173.85y ²+377.884x−263.436y−10000=0.

e=0.199, L=9.0 mm, p=14.780 mm.

Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed3%.

The limit of the external part of container long-section is marked byposition 105 on FIG. 13, where the identifier is located. Ellipsispassing trough points 106 and 107 is marked by position 108. Ellipsispassing trough points 107 and 109 is marked by position 110.

Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been definedthat A facility is the manufacturer.

4. When producing the container, the manufacturer gave a section of thelimit of certain long section (pls. see FIG. 14) in certain place in theshape of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements ofsuch curves:

-   -   first element of the curve (between points 112 and 113) is        classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.47, elongation        L=16 mm, focal parameter p=27.7 mm.    -   second element of the curve (between points 113 and 115) is        classified as an ellipsis with eccentricity e=0.32, elongation        L=9.0 mm, focal parameter p=28.0 mm.

The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% whenidentifying all these parameters.

According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible foridentification of the container carried out determination of geometricalshape of the external part of long section according to a complex ofmeasurements of orthogonal coordinates of the long section (profile).

It was defined in the course of identification that the first element ofthe curve in the concerned section of the external part of the longsection is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

37.348x ²−9.876xy+40.269y ²+259.44x+78.122y−10000=0.

e=0.484, L=16.07 mm, p=27.087 mm.

It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concernedsection is an element of ellipsis. Equation of the ellipsis:

45.737x ²−3.042xy+41.845y ²+98.218x+67.794y−10000=0.

e=0.327, L=9.09 mm, p=27.898 mm.

Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed3%.

The limit of the external part of container long-section is marked byposition 111 on FIG. 14, where the identifier is located. Ellipsispassing trough points 112 and 113 is marked by position 114. Ellipsispassing trough points 113 and 115 is marked by position 116.

Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been definedthat A facility is the manufacturer.

5. When producing the container, the manufacturer gave a section of thelimit of certain long section (pls. see FIG. 15) in certain place in theshape of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer declared the following characteristics of elements ofsuch curves:

-   -   first element of the curve (between points 118 and 119) is        classified as a hyperbola with eccentricity e=2.1, elongation        L=420.0 mm, focal parameter p=315 mm.    -   second element of the curve (between points 119 and 117) is        classified as a hyperbola with eccentricity e=1.17, elongation        L=446.0 mm, focal parameter p=130 mm.

The manufacturer stated that inaccuracy may not exceed 3% whenidentifying all these parameters.

According to the above described algorithm, the party responsible foridentification of the container carried out determination of geometricalshape of the external part of long section according to a complex ofmeasurements of orthogonal coordinates of the long section (profile).

It was defined in the course of identification that the first element ofthe curve in the concerned section of the external part of the longsection is an element of hyperbola. Equation of the hyperbola:

0.25x ²+6.14xy−4.279y ²−3577.055x+5292.61y−1576606=0.

e=2.059, L=410.15 mm, p=314.806 mm.

It was defined that the second element of the curve in the concernedsection is an element of hyperbola. Equation of the hyperbola:

0.25x ²−3.26xy+1.48y ²+1593x+1854y−1427400=0.

e=1.156, L=445.23 mm, p=129.345 mm.

Inaccuracy of identification of parameters of ellipses does not exceed3%.

The limit of the external part of container long-section is marked byposition 120 on FIG. 15, where the identifier is located.

Thus and so, the container has been identified, and it has been definedthat A facility is the manufacturer.

Every plant or factory legitimately manufacturing containers shall beassigned a unique combination of elements of ellipses and hyperbolae inthe place reserved for the identifier on the external or internalcross-sectional limit.

Moreover, use of the invention when manufacturing containers withirregularly shaped cross-sections shall considerably simplify itsmanufacture due to reduction of types of used curves to two types:ellipsis and hyperbola. Simplification of the process is achieved mainlydue to simplification of operations of software-controlled machines.

Increase in area of outer and inner surfaces shall be achieved indeclared containers as compared to the prototype. Therefore, increase inheat exchange of the product put into the container and that of thecontainer itself with the environment shall occur. Cooling time in arefrigerator for the product put into the container shall be reduced.

Increase in heat conductivity in thinning points, e.g. body, or bottom,shall be provided in declared containers. Then the product requiringfast cooling in a refrigerator should be placed in the container inpoints of thinning of the body or bottom.

Research conducted by the authors has shown that concentration of solarenergy falling onto the container in focuses of curves near or on thesurface of the container takes place in declared containers due topresence of elements of ellipses and hyperbolae on their surfaces.

The process of disposal of containers shall be simplified as well due tothe fact that, when manufacturing containers according to the claimedinvention, constructional directivity of strength properties ofcontainers at long and cross sections is provided. Containers areoriented in a press, when disposed of, in a way that compressive effectof the press occurs in plane with the lowest compressive load resistanceof the container body. Compressive force 91 is shown on FIG. 8 and FIG.8A. Action of the force is directed in a way that long and crosssections offer minimum compressing resistance. Compressive force may bedirected in the same way as force 92. In such a case moment of inertiaof the long section is minimal. Experimental research conducted by theauthors with pilot samples of declared containers has shown that thecontainer breaks up into multiple small elements under compression.Breakages of the container take place in weakened points on its surface.Therefore, declared containers may be used to obtain constructiveelements after their destruction in press.

Thus and so, the problem of the invention has been solved, declaredtechnical results have been accomplished.

1. The container is realized in a way that it comprises an internalcross-sectional limit and external cross-sectional limit at crosssection, and an internal part of a long-sectional limit and externalpart of the long-sectional limit at long section; with the externalcross-sectional limit taking on form of a conical element at least inone section, and the external part of the long-sectional limit taking onform of a conical element at least in one section, and differs in a waythat the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectional limitand the abovementioned section of the external part of thelong-sectional limit of the container are selected from a groupcomprising as follows: the abovementioned section of the externalcross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of the externalpart of the long-sectional limit of the container take on form ofelements of various ellipses, differing in length, with different valuesof eccentricities and focal parameters; the abovementioned section ofthe external cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of theexternal part of the long-sectional limit of the container take on formof elements of various hyperbolae, differing in length, with differentvalues of eccentricities and focal parameters; the abovementionedsection of the external cross-sectional limit takes on form of elementsof various ellipses, differing in length, with different values ofeccentricities and focal parameters, and the section of the externalpart of the long-sectional limit takes on form of elements of variousellipses, differing in length, with different values of eccentricitiesand focal parameters; the abovementioned section of the externalcross-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various hyperbolae,differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focalparameters, and the abovementioned section of the external part of thelong-sectional limit takes on form of elements of various hyperbolae,differing in length, with different values of eccentricities and focalparameters; the abovementioned section of the external cross-sectionallimit takes on form of elements of hyperbola and ellipsis, differing inlength, and the abovementioned section of the external part of thelong-sectional limit takes on form of elements of hyperbola andellipsis, differing in length; the abovementioned section of theexternal cross-sectional limit and the abovementioned section of theexternal part of the long-sectional limit cut each other.